Pneumatic tire



J. G. MOOMY. PNEUMATIG TIRE.

(No Model.)

No. 518,849. Patented Apr. 24, 18945 WWA/wm M UNITED STATES l PATENTOEETCE.

JosEPH e. MooMY, oF ERiE, PENNSYLVANIA.

PN EUMATIC TIRE.-

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 518,849, dated April24,1894. l Application filed November 20, 1893. Serial No. 491,464. (Nomodel.)

To @ZZ whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, JOSEPH G. MOOMY, a citizen of the United States,residing at Erie, in the county of Erie and State of Pennsyl- Vania,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Tires;and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to pneumatic tires,

. and consists in certain improvements in the construction thereof, aswill be hereinafter fully described and pointed out in the claims.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings as follows:

Figure 1 shows a transverse section of the tire in place on the rim, anda deated inner tube therein. Fig. 2 shows a like view, the inner tubebeing inated and of a modied construction. Fig. 3 is a side elevation ofthe inner tube. Fig. 4 is a like view, showing a tube of theconstruction shown in Fig. 2.

A marks the rim of the wheel; B, the cas` ing; b, the binder apsthereon; D, the binder; and C, the inner tube as shown in Figs. 1 and 3.Theinner tube is made of such length that in its normal condition, itsouter periphery will just t snugly against the inner side of the outerperiphery of the tire casing. It is-so constructed as to be inelasticlongitudinally, but has its full expansibility transversely. Where thetube as commonly constructed is elastic both longitudinally andtransversely, its longitudinal circumference increases with ination, andwhatever force there is to this tendency is sustained by the binder orthe outer periphery of the casing; and when kthe tube is madeinexpansible both i longitudinally and transversely, as is the casewhere canvas is used in its construction, it is very difcult to make itof the proper size to snugly and smoothly t in the casing. By making thetube inelastic longitudinally, the tendency of the tube toincrease inlongitudinal circumference as it is inflated is obviated, and the forcesustained -by the tube itself, so that the binder is relieved of thisstrain; and as the outer circumference of the tube cannot increase withination, the expansion of the tube with inaton must be inwardly, and theaps and inner periphery of the casing cumference, and as the tube isexpanded .by

its inflation transversely against the casing, the frictional contact is-so strong as to make its movement next to impossible. With the ordinarytube, it being expansible longitudinally, when there is a tendency atany point,

caused by the tread or otherwise, to creep, the longitudinal elasticityof the tube at that point allows it to move in the direction ofthetendency, and the tube as it becomes normal, will have moved itsposition slightly in the direction of the movement of the initial point.

To make a tube having the qualities hereinbefore described, I mix a ber(preferably raw cotton, carded or uncarded) with the rubber. Thismixture is then calendered, care being taken to always run it in thesamedirection. This process makes the finished material substantiallyinelastic lengthwise, that is, in the direction it has been passedthrough the calenders. The explanation of this 'effeet, is that theprocess of calendering undoubtedly brings the bulk of the ber to onegeneral direction. This leaves the material in the transverse directionsubstantially free from the inuence of the ber, so that the rubber inthis direction has nearly its natural elasticity.

In making the tube, the material is so placed that the inelasticdirection is lengthwise of the tube.

In the drawings, (Figs. 1 and 2) the dots in thecross sections of thetubes marked c indicate the bers in cross section, and the dash lines inFigs. 3 and 4 indicate the general direction of the bulk of the ber.This makes a tube which is substantially inexpansible longitudinally andexpansible transversely. By adding a raw ber to the material from whichthe tube is made, the tube is made much less penetrable, than is thecasewith rubber alone or rubber with a woven fabric.

IOO

Of the bers known to me, I prefer ordinary cotton ber, on account of itsWell known impenetrable quality when in its unwoven state. This qualityseems to be enhanced in connection with the rubber.

In Figs. 2 and 4, an alternative construction is shown. In thisconstruction an unbered strip, c, is placed in the inner periphery ofthe tube. This gives the necessary 1o transverse elasticity to the tube,While its longitudinal elasticity is inoperative, being on the innerperiphery, and the circumferential strain being on the outer peripheryof the tube. The bered portion is preferably calendered as heretoforedescribed, as it insures against longitudinal elasticity. Thisconstruction will still be operative, as to the central idea of myinvention, if there is sufficient ber running longitudinally to prevent2o longitudinal elasticity.

What I claim as new isl. In a pneumatic tire, the combination with thecasing thereof; of an air tube constructed substantially as shown anddescribed z 5 and that is substantially inexpansible longitudinallythroughout its transverse circumference, and is expansible transversely.

2. In a pneumatic tire, the combination with the outer casing thereof;of an air tube 3o constructed substantially as shown and described andthat is substantially inexpansible longitudinally, and is eXpansibletransversely throughout its transverse circumference.

3. In a pneumatic tire, the combination with the outer casing thereof;of an air tube constructed substantially as shown and described and thatis substantially inexpansible longitudinally throughout its transversecircumference and is expansible transversely throughout its transversecircumfer- 4o ence.

4. In a `pneumatic tire, the combination with the casing thereof; of anair tube formed of material composed in part of an elastic Substance,such as rubber, and in part of an unwoven ber, the general direction ofwhich is longitudinal of the tube, said tube expanding against, andbeing limited by, said casing.

5. In a pneumatic tire, the combination with the casing thereof; of anair tube formed 5o of material composed in part of an elastic substance,such as rubber, and in part ot' a raw ber, the general direction ofwhich is longitudinal of the tube, said tube expanding against, andbeing limited by, said casing.

6. In a pneumatic tire, the combination with the casing thereof; of anair tube formed of material composed in part of an elastic substance,such as rubber, and in part of a raw cotton ber, the general directionof 6c which is longitudinal of the tube, said tube expanding against,and being limited by, said casing.

1n testimony whereof I aftix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOSEPH G. MOOMY.

Witnesses:

HENRY A. CLARK, H. C. LORD.

